不同处理对芹菜种子萌发过程中抗氧化系统及激素水平的影响

为研究芹菜种子的萌发机制,采用不同试剂组合（5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG、10% PEG+500 mg/L壳聚糖、5 g/L NaOH+500 mg/L壳聚糖）和不同温度(18、24、30℃)对芹菜种子进行处理,观察芹菜种子的萌发指标,并探究种子萌发过程中的抗氧化系统及内源激素水平的变化。结果表明,30℃对种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数提高具有促进作用,加快种子萌发进程。与蒸馏水对照组相比,试剂组合处理在18、24℃时种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数升高,促进种子萌发,18℃时5 g/L NaOH+500 mg/L壳聚糖处理下的发芽势最高,24℃时5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG处理下发芽势达到最大值;30℃时不同试剂组合处理间发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数无明显差异。18、30℃对种子具有一定程度的胁迫作用,种子SOD和CAT活性较24℃条件下有所增加;18℃时MDA含量和脯氨酸含量显著增加;5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG处理能显著降低MDA含量。萌发过程中,芹菜种子内部ABA含量下降,GA₃、ZA含量增加。试剂组合及适当高温有利于提高芹菜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,促进种子萌发,提高种子萌发整齐度;芹菜种子萌发过程中抗氧化系统和激素水平会积极响应不同的处理条件。     

Effect of feeding different sources of selenium on growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers

ABSTRACT

1. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different sources of selenium (Se) on breast and liver tissue deposition, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers, measured as Se content in liver and breast tissues and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood, when used in 0–35 d broiler chicken diets.

2. A total of 200 male Ross 308 broilers were used in the feeding trial, which comprised two dietary phases, a starter from 0 to 21 d and finisher from 21 to 35 d of age. Four treatments with 10 replications each were used. A control diet (C) was formulated that was sufficient in protein and energy (230 and 215 g/kg of crude protein and 12.67 and 13.11 MJ/kg of metabolisable energy, respectively), for both phases, but contained background Se only from the feed ingredients. Diet 2 (IS) was supplemented with 10.35 g/t inorganic, elemental source of Se. Diet 3 (SY) was supplemented with 136.36 g/t selenised yeast, an organic source derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diet 4 (SS) was supplemented with 0.666 g/t sodium selenite, an inorganic source.

3. Birds fed the SY diet consumed less and weighed less than those fed IS or C (P < 0.05; 0–35 d of age), but there was no difference compared to birds fed SS diets. There were no differences in FCR or dietary AME between broilers fed different Se sources. All diets containing supplementary Se increased concentrations in the liver and breast muscle, and for GSH-Px levels in blood compared to birds fed the C diet (P < 0.001). Birds fed SY diets had greater Se levels in liver and breast tissues compared to birds fed any of the other diets (P < 0.001).

4. Diets supplemented with Se had variable effects on broiler growth performances and antioxidant status. Feeding Se from a yeast source has higher transfer into breast tissues. Feeding different sources and levels of Se to birds in a more challenging situation to induce oxidative stress may bring more conclusive results.     

粘虫高毒力白僵菌菌株筛选及其感菌后虫体内保护酶活性的变化

为获得生物学性状良好且对粘虫具有高毒力的球孢白僵菌菌株,本研究以8株球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)菌株为材料,根据菌株产孢量、萌发率和生长速率差异筛选优势菌株,然后测定优势菌株孢子悬浮液对粘虫3龄幼虫的致死率,以及3龄幼虫感染高毒力白僵菌后体内抗氧化酶和解毒酶活性的变化。结果表明,8株球孢白僵菌菌株生长特性各项指标均存在显著差异,菌株Bb314、Bb345、Bb412和Bb378的生长速率、产孢量和孢子萌发率高于其他4个菌株。菌株Bb314孢子悬浮液对粘虫3龄幼虫致死率最高,达69%。Bb314侵染粘虫后,感染前期虫体酚氧化酶(PO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高,于36 h达峰值;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在感染初期(24 h)时低于对照,处理48 h后达到峰值,并显著高于对照;谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)活性分别在处理36 h和48 h后达到高峰,并显著高于对照。以上结果表明,菌株Bb314可能通过影响粘虫幼体内抗氧化酶和解毒酶活性的动态平衡,进而影响其生理代谢。本研究为开发粘虫生防菌的潜力菌株提供了参考。     

盐胁迫对冬小麦花后抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质的影响

探究小麦花后遭遇盐胁迫下,小麦抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质的变化。本试验以‘青麦6号’、‘济麦22’为材料,以普通土壤为对照,设置2‰、4‰2个NaCl浓度盐胁迫梯度。利用土壤水分用时域水分测定仪(TDR)严格控制0~40 cm土层灌水量,获取冬小麦花后0、7、14、21、28天的小麦旗叶,测定旗叶中超氧化物酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明,随盐浓度及胁迫时间的增加,叶片SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量不同程度的减小;MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量不同程度地升高。‘青麦6号’具有较好的抗盐性,游离脯氨酸含量与小麦耐盐性呈正相关关系,SOD、POD、MDA能够作为作物抗逆性的衡量标准。     

饲料抗氧化剂及其应用

当今畜牧业高速发展,饲料抗氧化剂的应用已愈趋广泛。文章通过对抗氧化剂的定义及作用机理、种类、应用及展望进行综述,为饲料抗氧化剂在饲料生产中的进一步研究提供理论参考。     

兰州百合连作土壤水浸液自毒作用研究

【目的】探讨兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor salisb)连作土壤水浸液对自身幼苗生长的障碍因素及其作用机制。【方法】设置蒸馏水(CK)及正茬、连作2年、连作4年兰州百合根际土壤水浸液各50,100,200,300 mg/mL,共13个处理,以兰州百合种球为受试对象,测定不同条件下兰州百合幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质及细胞膜透性的变化,并利用GC-MS技术分析各处理土壤中存在的主要自毒物质。【结果】正茬、连作2年及连作4年兰州百合根际土壤水浸液对兰州百合幼苗的生长均存在"低促高抑"现象,且抑制作用随连作年限的延长而增强。随水浸液质量浓度的增加,兰州百合幼苗CAT和SOD活性逐渐升高,POD活性先上升后下降,MDA含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量的变化呈不断上升趋势,当水浸液质量浓度上升至300 mg/mL时,3个处理中各指标的上升或下降程度与对照相比均达显著差异水平(P0.05)。兰州百合正茬、连作2年及连作4年根际土壤中分别鉴定出9,15和17种化合物,主要包括2,3-丁二醇、1,2,3-三甲苯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二辛酯、抗氧剂2246等化合物,其中大部分为自毒物质。【结论】兰州百合正茬、连作2年及连作4年根际土壤水浸液质量浓度达到300 mg/mL时,对其幼苗的生长会产生显著抑制作用。连作土壤中存在的自毒物质可以改变兰州百合植株体内的抗氧化酶活性,破坏细胞膜结构和功能,抑制兰州百合植株的生长,是导致兰州百合连作障碍发生的重要原因之一。     

Dietary clinoptilolite influences antioxidant capability and oxidative status of broilers

Natural clinoptilolite has been shown to have positive effects as an antioxidant, which means it traps free radicals in its complex structure, inactivating and eliminating them. Synthetic or modified clinoptilolite delays lipid peroxidation with water-soluble peroxyl radicals, and reduces the catalytic production of radicals to protect the organism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite on the antioxidant status of broilers. The antioxidant capability of natural clinoptilolite or modified clinoptilolite is exerted, at least in part, by increasing glutathione content in liver and intestinal mucosa, the superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa. In addition, to enhance broiler performance, there is a reduction of the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa.     

草菇子实体提取物的抗氧化活性

为考察草菇(Volvariella volvacea)子实体提取物(VBS)的抗氧化活性,测定了对两种自由基的清除率及其总还原力,结果表明:对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率以及总还原力均与VBS的浓度存在正相关的量效关系,IC50值分别为1.40、0.67、0.63mg/mL。以ICR雄性小鼠为研究对象,灌胃给药12d,再用CCl4花生油溶液灌胃,8h后分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,各项指标在血清中的结果表明,VBS中剂量组(200 mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好,而在肝脏中则表明VBS高剂量组(400mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好。     

脱水对万寿竹种子发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的影响

[目的]探究万寿竹种子脱水过程中,发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的变化情况,为万寿竹种子贮藏及采收提供理论依据.[方法]利用室温硅胶干燥法获得45.90％、40.50％、38.07％、33.08％、27.26％、16.67％、14.63％7个含水量梯度的种子,以未干燥的种子(49.12％)为空白对照,分别测定各个含水量梯度种子的生活力、发芽率、电导率、CAT、SOD、POD、AsA-POD活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质含量.[结果]种子含水量保持在33.08％以上时,能保持较高的生活力、发芽率,当含水量下降到33.08％以下时,种子发芽率和生活力开始显著下降.[结论]万寿竹种子不耐脱水,属于顽拗性种子,贮藏时含水量应保持在33.08％以上.